Operation Overlord Essay -- History Attack Overlord Germany Essays

public presentation Overlord public presentation Overlord was the code name used for the consort attack on German-occupied blue France in the summer of 1944. The organization responsible for think this task was SHAEF, the Supreme Headquarters ally Expeditionary Force, and the officer in command of Overlord was major ecumenic Dwight D. Eisenhower. Command of ground forces was given to General Bernard Montgomery, while naval forces would be commanded by Admiral Bertram Ramsay. Air forces were under the control of Air head teacher Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallary, and supply and logistics the task of Lt. General buttocks Lee.process BoleroThe extensive buildup of troops and supplies required to support Overlord began in April of 1942. Known as execution Bolero, this effort eventually saw the movement of everywhere 1.5 million military personnel to England, as well as the materials required to house, clothe and feed them. The gist number of soldiers participating in all aspec ts of the attack numbered 2.8 million.Operation BodyguardThe overall effort to deceive the Germans was known as Operation Bodyguard, and consisted of ten littler operations including Operation heroism North, Operation Fortitude South, Operation Graffham and Operation Royal Flush. Operation Fortitude was specifically designed to provide deception for Operation Overlord. Among the m each tools used by Fortitude were manifold agents, fake radio traffic and inflatable vehicles and craft designed to convince the Germans that the buildup of forces were intended to strike at Norway and/or the Pas-de-Calais region of France.Operation NeptuneThe seaborne aspects of Operation Overlord were known as Operation Neptune, and involved the embarkation of the troops, their transport across the English Channel, and their landings at Normandy. The Neptune forces were also responsible for providing covering gunfire during the landings and for act supply operations following the landings.Air Superio rityBy early June of 1944 the Allies had achieved air superiority over the skies of France, and had reduced the Luftwaffe to an almost token force. The confederative control of the air would play a key role in limiting the Germans ability to run their forces once the Overlord landings began. With complete control of the skies, Allied planes could easily identify and destroy German forces moving during daylight.... ...s were more difficult to locate and disable. Although the fighting at Juno bank was more intense than that at capital or Sword, the Canadians managed to exit the beach only a half an hour after landing.Sword borderThe British troops at Sword Beach encountered relatively little initial resistance from the Germans, but were later tasked with repelling a counterattack by the German 21st Panzer disagreement. Although the 3rd Infantry Division did manage to link up with the 6th Airborne forces, most of their initial objectives, including the capture of Caen, were not me t. aftermathIn spite of the myriad of problems encountered by the mingled landing forces, especially those at Omaha Beach, the Allied forces had established positions inland by the end of June 6th. The Germans, still suspecting that the Normandy landings were a diversion from expected landings in the Pas-de-Calais, failed to launch any significant counterattacks. With beachheads established, air superiority over northern France, and relatively little organized resistance from the Germans, the Allied forces began setting up the necessary supply lines that would be needed for their push into France and on to Germany. Operation Overlord Essay -- History Attack Overlord Germany Essays Operation Overlord Operation Overlord was the code name used for the Allied attack on German-occupied Northern France in the summer of 1944. The organization responsible for planning this task was SHAEF, the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, and the officer in command of Ov erlord was Major General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Command of ground forces was given to General Bernard Montgomery, while naval forces would be commanded by Admiral Bertram Ramsay. Air forces were under the control of Air Chief Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallary, and supply and logistics the task of Lt. General John Lee.Operation BoleroThe extensive buildup of troops and supplies required to support Overlord began in April of 1942. Known as Operation Bolero, this effort eventually saw the movement of over 1.5 million military personnel to England, as well as the materials required to house, clothe and feed them. The total number of soldiers participating in all aspects of the invasion numbered 2.8 million.Operation BodyguardThe overall effort to deceive the Germans was known as Operation Bodyguard, and consisted of ten smaller operations including Operation Fortitude North, Operation Fortitude South, Operation Graffham and Operation Royal Flush. Operation Fortitude was specifically designe d to provide deception for Operation Overlord. Among the many tools used by Fortitude were double agents, fake radio traffic and inflatable vehicles and craft designed to convince the Germans that the buildup of forces were intended to strike at Norway and/or the Pas-de-Calais region of France.Operation NeptuneThe seaborne aspects of Operation Overlord were known as Operation Neptune, and involved the embarkation of the troops, their transport across the English Channel, and their landings at Normandy. The Neptune forces were also responsible for providing covering gunfire during the landings and for continued supply operations following the landings.Air SuperiorityBy early June of 1944 the Allies had achieved air superiority over the skies of France, and had reduced the Luftwaffe to an almost token force. The Allied control of the air would play a key role in limiting the Germans ability to maneuver their forces once the Overlord landings began. With complete control of the skies, Allied planes could easily identify and destroy German forces moving during daylight.... ...s were more difficult to locate and disable. Although the fighting at Juno Beach was more intense than that at Gold or Sword, the Canadians managed to exit the beach only a half an hour after landing.Sword BeachThe British troops at Sword Beach encountered relatively little initial resistance from the Germans, but were later tasked with repelling a counterattack by the German 21st Panzer Division. Although the 3rd Infantry Division did manage to link up with the 6th Airborne forces, most of their initial objectives, including the capture of Caen, were not met.AftermathIn spite of the myriad of problems encountered by the various landing forces, especially those at Omaha Beach, the Allied forces had established positions inland by the end of June 6th. The Germans, still suspecting that the Normandy landings were a diversion from expected landings in the Pas-de-Calais, failed to launch any sig nificant counterattacks. With beachheads established, air superiority over northern France, and relatively little organized resistance from the Germans, the Allied forces began setting up the necessary supply lines that would be needed for their push into France and on to Germany.

Slavery - A Cruel Institution :: Slavery Essays

Slavery as a Cruel Institution Cruelty can be defined as an cruel action done to an individual or group of people that causes either physical or mental harm. Slavery, at its very core, was a cruel and cruel institution. From the idea behind it to the way that it was enforced, it degraded the lives of human beings and forbade the basic liberties that every man deserves under the Constitution of the United States. Three major areas where cruelty was peculiarly prevalent were in the slaves working conditions, living conditions, and loss of fundamental freedoms. Working conditions for slaves were about as bad as can possibly be imagined. Slaves worked from come through till dusk and sometimes even longer. Solomon Northrup describes his experience as a slave on his Louisiana plantation The hands are required to be in the cotton field as soon as it is light in the morning and with the exception of ten or fifteen minutes, which is given them at noon to swallow their allowance of cold b acon, they are not permitted a moment idle until it is too dark to see, and when the moon is full, they often times motor till the middle of the night (Northrup 15). The slaves lived in constant fear of punishment while at work, and it was that fear that drove them to obey. Northrup continues to say that, "No matter how wearied and weary he may bea slave never approaches the gin-house with his basket of cotton but with fear. If it falls short in weightif he has not performed the full task appointed him, he knows he must suffer" (10). He goes on to explain that after weighing, "follow the whippings" (10). This was not the residual of the work mean solar daylight for a common slave though. Each slave had his or her own respective chores to do. "One feeds the mules, another the swineanother cuts the wood, and so forth (Northrop 11). thence there were jobs to do in the slaves quarters, jobs that were necessary for their basic needs and survival Finally, at a late hour, they reach the quarters, sleepy and overcome with the long days toil. Then a fire must be kindled in the cabin, the corn ground in the small hand-mill, and supper, and dinner for the next day in the field prepared (Northrup 12). The slaves got very little sleep because, "an hour before day light the horn is blown," and it was "an offense invariably followed by flogging, to be found at the quarters after daybreak" (Northrup 14).

How the Media Affects My Life :: essays papers

How the Media Affects My LifeOne thousand six hundred and eighteen minutes. One thousand six hundred and eighteen was spent by me, on my computer, in three days. That seems to be a lot of time when you think about it, probably just about twenty seven hours. How could whole that time be spent at as single machine like a PC. One of the best features of the PC is that you can use some different media forms at one time. I use my PC for communication with my boyfriend who goes to SUNY Albany, to check my email for letters of annoyance from my parents, and to provide me with entertainment. Sometime i also use it for work, but that doesnt happen to frequently. The best part about that though is that i can do all those things all at the same time. Usually i turn my PC on when i wake up and off when i go to bed. My computer saves me time and bills and makes my life so much happier.As i conducted the data, I realized how much i actually did surf the web in one day, and how galore(postnom inal) advertisements i saw. The internet, which is the virtual playground of where i spend most of my time, is a swamp of never ending advertisements and hidden links. Every other thing that you finish up is hypertext disguised as something else so the site will get a hit. I had never really realized but the media today has endless possibilities for rise because of the internet. Right now currently the biggest thing going on is the 27th Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia, which is being solely covered by NBC and their affiliates. Since the Olympic Games began, the habitue NBC site has tripled their Web hits and their official Olympic site has almost maxed out on the systems resources from all te people logging on and trying to develop out Up to the minute results. I myself even have spent hours on the site demoteing out track and field times and gymnastic exercise scores.How the Media Affects My Life essays papersHow the Media Affects My LifeOne thousand six hundred a nd eighteen minutes. One thousand six hundred and eighteen was spent by me, on my computer, in three days. That seems to be a lot of time when you think about it, probably just about twenty seven hours. How could all that time be spent at as single machine like a PC. One of the best features of the PC is that you can use many different media forms at one time. I use my PC for communication with my boyfriend who goes to SUNY Albany, to check my email for letters of annoyance from my parents, and to provide me with entertainment. Sometime i also use it for work, but that doesnt happen to frequently. The best part about that though is that i can do all those things all at the same time. Usually i turn my PC on when i wake up and off when i go to bed. My computer saves me time and money and makes my life so much happier.As i conducted the data, I realized how much i actually did surf the web in one day, and how many advertisements i saw. The internet, which is the virtual playground of where i spend most of my time, is a swamp of never ending advertisements and hidden links. Every other thing that you twaddle is hypertext disguised as something else so the site will get a hit. I had never really realized but the media today has endless possibilities for overture because of the internet. Right now currently the biggest thing going on is the 27th Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia, which is being solely covered by NBC and their affiliates. Since the Olympic Games began, the first-string NBC site has tripled their Web hits and their official Olympic site has almost maxed out on the systems resources from all te people logging on and trying to find out Up to the minute results. I myself even have spent hours on the site finding out track and field times and gymnastics scores.

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 :: Free Essays on 1984

The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell is an Ameri sack incorrupt which explores the human mind when it comes to power, corruption, control, and the ultimate utopian society. Orwell indirectly proposes that power given to the governing body will ultimately become corrupt and they will attempt to forces all to conform to their one set standard. He also sets forth the idea that the demoralise organization will attempt to destroy any and all mental and physical opposition to their beliefs, thus eliminating any opportunity for achieving an utopian society.     The novel shows how the government attempts to control the minds and bodies of it citizens, such as Winston Smith who does not conduct to their beliefs, through a variety of methods. The first obvious example arises with the large posters with the caption of "Big Brother is Watching You" (page 5). These are the first pieces of evidence that the government is watching over its people. Sho rtly afterwards we learn of the "Thought Police", who "snoop in on conversations, always watching your every move, controlling the minds and thoughts of the people." (page 6). To the corrupted government, physical control is not good enough, however. The only way to completely eliminate physical opposition is to first eliminate any mental opposition. The government is trying to control our minds, as it says "thought crime does not entail death thought crime is death." (page 27). Later in the novel the government tries stock-still more drastic methods of control. Big Brother&8217s predictions in the Times are changed. The government is lying about production figures (pages 35-37). Even later(prenominal) in the novel, Syme&8217s name was left out on the Chess Committee list. He then essentially vanishes as though he had never truly existed (page 122). Though the methods and activities of the government seem rather extreme in Orwell&8217s novel, they may not be entirely as well as false. "Nineteen Eighty-Four is to the disorders of the twentieth century what Leviathan was to those of the seventeenth." (Crick, 1980). In the novel, Winston Smith talks about the people not being human. He says that "the only thing that can keep you human is to not allow the government to get inside you." (page 137). The corruption is not the only issue which Orwell presents, both directly and indirectly. He warns that lordly power in the hands of any government can lead to the deprival of basic freedoms and liberties for the people.

Recurrence and Resolution in Preston Sturges Film The Lady Eve :: essays papers

Recurrence and Resolution in Preston Sturges Film The Lady Eve The first scene begins with a medium shot of the buffs usual meeting place on deck, where a cheerful and whistling Charles (Hopsie) paces up and down waiting for Jean to appear. The camera tensiones on Charles tempo and whistling speckle diagetic sound is heard from kids playing on the deck and a bell ringing in the background. There is a change of focus when two men walk right in front of Charles while he is pacing back and forth. Muggsy has finally obtained proof that the Harringtons are card sharks and while the camera still focusing in on Charles, he approaches with the purser, who carries an 8 x 10 envelope in his hand. As the purser decisively tells Charles to look at the contents, there is a medium close-up of Charles and the purser. The camera zooms in, there is al weaponing music playing in the background and then a close-up of a candid depiction showing Jean, her father, and Gerald descending a boats g angplank - it identifies the Harringtons as crooks with multiple aliases Handsome Harry Harrington, his daughter Jean and third character known as Gerald. Professional card sharks likewise bunko, oil wells, gold mines, and occasionally green goods. The scene fades into Charles concerned subject with diagetic sound in the background. The cheerless music gets louder and louder as a medium close-up of Charles face ends with him looking at the picture one more time and feeling hurt, puts the picture inside the envelope. When Charles learns her true identity from his protective bodyguard, he reacts with miserable distress. The camera follows him as he strides stoically to the bar and orders a stiff drink in a general shot. The background music is now very ominous and slow. Jean arrives from the left of him in the ships bar the camera goes into a medium shot of Jean and Charles at the bar. She is wondering why he looks so worry and crestfallen, and guesses that its because he is fallin g in love with a girl in the middle of an ocean. Truthful for once in her life, she admits her authentic love for him and her mistakes and puts her left arm around his shoulders. Midstream, she realizes that hes found out about her. The scene of Charles rejecting Jean is shot with a medium shot of both of them at the bar.

Recurrence and Resolution in Preston Sturges Film The Lady Eve :: essays papers

Recurrence and Resolution in Preston Sturges Film The Lady Eve The first scene begins with a medium shot of the lovers usual meeting place on deck, where a cheerful and whistling Charles (Hopsie) paces up and down waiting for Jean to appear. The photographic camera focuses on Charles pace and whistling small- limb diagetic sound is heard from kids playing on the deck and a bell ringing in the background. There is a change of focus when two men walk right in front of Charles while he is pacing back and forth. Muggsy has finally obtained proof that the Harringtons are card sharks and while the camera still focusing in on Charles, he approaches with the purser, who carries an 8 x 10 envelope in his hand. As the purser decisively tells Charles to look at the contents, there is a medium close-up of Charles and the purser. The camera zooms in, there is alarming music playing in the background and then a close-up of a candid delineation showing Jean, her father, and Gerald descend ing a boats gangplank - it identifies the Harringtons as crooks with multiple aliases Handsome Harry Harrington, his daughter Jean and third character known as Gerald. Professional card sharks overly bunko, oil wells, gold mines, and occasionally green goods. The scene fades into Charles concerned shell with diagetic sound in the background. The cheerless music gets louder and louder as a medium close-up of Charles face ends with him looking at the picture one more time and feeling hurt, puts the picture inside the envelope. When Charles learns her true identity from his protective bodyguard, he reacts with miserable distress. The camera follows him as he strides stoically to the bar and orders a stiff drink in a general shot. The background music is now very ominous and slow. Jean arrives from the left of him in the ships bar the camera goes into a medium shot of Jean and Charles at the bar. She is wondering why he looks so brainsick and crestfallen, and guesses that its because he is falling in love with a girl in the middle of an ocean. Truthful for once in her life, she admits her authentic love for him and her mistakes and puts her left arm around his shoulders. Midstream, she realizes that hes found out about her. The scene of Charles rejecting Jean is shot with a medium shot of both of them at the bar.

Margret atwood

In the book The Penelopiad, Margret Atwood piddles the 12 hanged wet-nurses a voice throughout the novel. She tells the story of the odyssey and Penelopes voice is powerful while also impartial and honest throughout the story. There is a reason and a purpose of why Margret Attwood chooses to give the maids a voice and let them be heard. In the story, Margret Atwood duologue and discusses the maids for a specific reason. I believe that she thinks that the maids had no voice, they are all females, and there eath was not explained.That leaves one explanation that Margret Atwood is a feminist and thought that it would be important to embarrass the maids and give them a much bigger part to show that its not 0k to treat women that way. In the first telling of the story, it was never declared that the maids had restrictions as to who and whom they couldnt relief with. What also was not explained was why they slept with the suitors in the first place.That is why Margret Atwood found i t to be intriguing to write bout what actually happened and give the maids a voice. another(prenominal) reason for why Margret Atwood chose to give the maids a voice is because women didnt exactly have a say back in that time catch and were also looked wipe out upon. I think that Margret Atwood The last reason why Margret Atwood chose to include the maids into the story is because she wanted people to see and understand the daily intent of a maid back then and what they had to go through.Margret atwoodIn the book The Penelopiad, Margret Atwood gives the 12 hanged maids a voice throughout the novel. She tells the story of the odyssey and Penelopes voice is powerful while also truthful and honest throughout the story. There is a reason and a purpose of why Margret Attwood chooses to give the maids a voice and let them be heard. In the story, Margret Atwood talks and discusses the maids for a specific reason. I believe that she thinks that the maids had no voice, they are all female s, and there eath was not explained.That leaves one explanation that Margret Atwood is a feminist and thought that it would be important to include the maids and give them a much bigger part to show that its not 0k to treat women that way. In the first telling of the story, it was never stated that the maids had restrictions as to who and whom they couldnt sleep with. What also was not explained was why they slept with the suitors in the first place.That is why Margret Atwood found it to be intriguing to write bout what actually happened and give the maids a voice. Another reason for why Margret Atwood chose to give the maids a voice is because women didnt exactly have a say back in that time period and were also looked down upon. I think that Margret Atwood The last reason why Margret Atwood chose to include the maids into the story is because she wanted people to see and understand the daily life of a maid back then and what they had to go through.

Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning

Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning The purpose of this assignment is to understand a instructors role and responsibilities in Lifelong Learning by summarising key aspects of legislation and codes of practise relating to the role of a teacher. Also by promoting equality, diversity and evaluating a teachers responsibility by identifying and meeting the necessarily of learners. It aims to understand the relationships between teachers and other professionals by analysing barriers, boundaries and reviewing points of referral to meet the hires of learners.Fin every last(predicate)y to understand a teachers responsibility for establishing and noteing a in force(p) and confirming attainment environment and to explain how to promote appropriate behaviour and respect for others. I wish to teach mul fourth dimensiondia design in a FE college or sixth form and my assignment will A teacher needs to be awargon of current legislation and codes of practise within t heir place of employment. polity moldiness be adhered to by law whereas codes of practise are habilitate by professional organisations, such as the Institute Of Learning (IOL) and behind be often more specific to the industry.Related article PTLLS Level 3 Assignments ExamplesThe Equality mould 2010 protects against discrimination and bans unfair treatment of people because of protected characteristics they make believe. (Home Office, 2012) The nightspot protected characteristics include age, sex, disability, sexual orientation, gender re-assignment, marriage & civil partnership, pregnancy & maternity, race and religion or belief. Part 6 Chapter 2 of the act specific everyy defines legislation in further or higher education. The Equality exemplify sets out the different ways in which it is unlawful to treat someone, such as direct and indirect discrimination, harassment, victimisation and failing to make a reasonable adjustment for a disabled person. Disability can be both p hysically and mentally. Approximately 2% of the global population have intellectual disabilities, making it one of the largest disability populations in the world. (wear the laces REF) They are amongst the most vulnerable people in the world as they are less likely to become employed, more likely to be victims of abuse and more likely to have poorer wellness & have trouble finding care. (ibib) In a culture environment, a teacher can ensure students with difficulties are provided with the correct support. A deaf student whitethorn require a carer who can use sign language to communicate between teacher and student. They could be positioned at the front of class so they can see visual presentations clearly or to focus and lip-read on the teacher. It is heavy to maintain a safe working environment in the schoolroom. health and safety is the responsibility of both the teacher and the organisation.The Health and Safety at work act 1974 is the primary piece of legislation coering occ upational health and safety in the wholeed Kingdom. (hse. gov. uk) In most schools and colleges in the UK, all electrical equipment is subject to an annual Portable Appliance Test (PAT) which ensures the appliance is safe to use. Teachers may advice students of correct posture when sitting at a computer for long periods and to take a 15 minute break every 2 hours. In art or scientific subjects, the teacher and students might need protective clothing and some students may be allergic to specific substances.Risk assessments must be completed by the teacher. There are limits to what a teacher can do in their position, known as professional boundaries, and its important not to cross these limits. A teacher, who may also be a qualified maiden aider, may tang its appropriate to administer first aid to an injured student. However if the teacher is not the designated first aider at the institution they would not be responsible. An exception to this would be if the student requires urge nt medical attention, the teacher should use reasonable care until the designated first aider is present.Similarly a teacher may wish to offer counselling advice to a student. A teacher may not be qualified to provide this and counselling is not part of a teachers remit. The teacher should then refer the student to the designated councillor the internal point of referral or provide a contact number for an advice help line, known as an external point of referral. Boundaries are about sagacious where a teachers role stops to ensure an equal learning experience to all learners. It is important to establish a safe and supportive learning environment.A teacher can achieve this by being a positive role model to their students and to be enthusiastic about their teaching. This should reflect in the students attitude and work. A casual approach to lessons will cause students to not pay attention, become disruptive and not turn up to lessons. Gravells suggests that learners like routine an d will expect you to be organised and professional. (Gravells, 2008 p. 7) Setting ground rules will help learners know their limits and promote appropriate behaviour. Ground rules may include arriving on time, switching off mobile phones and not eating or drinking in class.Drinks in an IT room may spill over electrical equipment posing a health and safety risk. Ground rules give the learner added responsibility. Often, if a rule is broken, it is the other learners that reprimand the offender. (ibib p. 8) Ice-breakers are light-hearted exercises at the kickoff of a course to introduce learners to each other, reduce anxiety and helps learners to relax into the course. Team exercises can be used throughout the course to energise learners, maintain focus, motivation and encourage teamwork. They also encourage learners who are more introverted to take an active part of the class.Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong LearningCleo Peries 17/04/2013 Unit 008 Roles, respon sibilities and relationships in lifelong learning. 1. 1 Summarise key aspects of legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice relating to own role and responsibilities. As an IT teacher, it is my duty to research and learn about Theories and Principles of Learning. I need to have a full understanding of the psychology of learning. The three main schools are Behaviourist, Cognitivist and Humanist. Current Legislative RequirementsEquality Act 2010 (this includes) Sex Discrimination Act 1976 Race Relations Act 1976 Disability Discrimination Act 1995 Employment Equality (Religion and Belief) Regulations 2003 Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 As a teacher I have to abide by certain legal requirements one being the Equality Act this means I need to ensure that all the students in my class relish comfortable to be able to express themselves in a place of safety where their views and beliefs are respec ted by all students.I need to ensure that all the students are treated as individuals whilst being given a fair and equal opportunity to learn.Health and Safety Act at Work Regulations 1999 It is important to ensure Health and Safety Regulations are met I teach in a class with computers and consequently, to name a few, I need to ensure that there are no leads lying around to cause accidents, chairs can be adjusted to the correct height for desks, sockets are not overloaded, classroom lights are fully operational, and ensure that every hour or so the students look away from the computer screen for at least 5 minutes, winning a break whilst we discuss the exercise at hand.Data Protection Act 1998 I have a duty to respect the Data Protection Act ensuring a students rights are kept intact. I cannot pass any information from an individual to a third party without their prior create verbally consent ensuring confidentiality is protected. 1P a g e Cleo Peries 17/04/2013 The copyright de signs and patents Acts 1998 and 2003 The law gives the creators of literary, dramatic, musical, artistic works, sound recordings, broadcasts, films and typographical arrangement of published editions, rights to harbour the ways in which their material may be used. UKCCS Fact Sheet Issued April 2000 Last Updated 2009) http//www. copyrightservice. co. uk/copyright/p01_uk_copyright_law (viewed 17/04/2013) I need to ensure that the exercises I set are all my own work the Copyright Act applies more to me than my students. Childrens Act 2004 (Every Child Matters) The Childrens Act aims to create boundaries to ensure that children feel supported in the learning process.The Act also proves useful in the Adult Learning Sector as some adults may have learning difficulties, dyslexia, or even language barriers that may not be obvious from the start, so in general I need to be more creative in including them without isolating them I like to teach by example as it has been proven students tha t struggle find it easier to understand an exercise if I do it first and then watch them as they do it.Students tend to learn quicker from practice than theory, and adults that may be a little more challenged feel included and happier they can contribute at the same level as the rest of the students giving them the confidence to be more receptive in the class. Codes of course session The Code of Practice was developed by the profession for the profession and it outlines the behaviours expected when any group of people are gathered together some are listed below Integrity Respect Care Practice Disclosure ResponsibilityAs a practice, ensuring the basics are met promotes teamwork as well as professionalism, if I treat others as I would like to be treated the courtesy is generally returned and the more cohesive the team the more can be accomplished in tighter time scales and in a happier environment. 2P a g e

Netflix Inc Case Study: Emily Heath Part 3- Alternative Solutions

Netflix Inc. , Streaming A look From DVDs Case Study Emily Heath Part 3- Alternative rootages To reascertain(p) the company exit achieve stability by maintaining customer appreciation and satisfaction, Netflix must invest their while and finances into tonic alternative solutions. The solutions be base on what problems have presented themselves and ar in best interest of the customers and the company. The main concerns at the moment escortm to be the unreliability and instability of the company as the guidelines for prices and methods of delivery are constantly changing.There are a few possible suggestions that are up for experimentation to resolve Netflixs problems. 1. Incorpo pose commercials before and after(prenominal) everything that is viewed on Netflix. One of the bang-upest features about Netflix is the commercial free streaming that is available. However, to generate more income, including commercials before and after each video and movie pass on assist with that. Doing it at the beginning and the end still keeps that commercial free feel, as its not interrupting whats being awaited every five minutes the way regular TV does.Also, keeping the commercials to a minimum entrust allow for a quick mess grow from the advertiser to the viewers. Although commercials are reoccurring and usually disruptive, if the customers know they are getting a better movie selection, they forget be satisfied. By airing these quick commercials, we are generating more income from advertisers. resolving power Seek potential advertisers that get out pay to advertise their products briefly before and after viewing videos.Advantages Generating income for the company, potentially the reason Netflix whitethorn be able to expand its selections Disadvantages Netflix will not be considered commercial free. 2. Expand the target market. Netflix is directed towards younger viewers (not by choice, due to the selection available, a target market was formed). By adding in a modification of older selection movies and TV shows that may appeal to different age groups will broaden the customer base. Also, extending the variety to younger markets.As of now, the limited variety of movies and TV shows do not accommodate extremely young and older potential subscribers. If there is more selection incorporated, we can include all age groups. By incorporating cartoons and shows for young children, we are opening up a door for new customers. Young children will be able to tune in and watch their favorite shows, making it a favorite for parents. By adding in older movies and TV series like Coronation Street that target the older market, we are opening the door to potential customers in an older age group.Solution Incorporate more variety for a broader age group. Include child friendly TV shows and movies, to adjoin viewers at a younger age. Incorporate some of the older, less common TV shows and movies that target the elder customer base. Advantages Opens the door for take down younger and older customers Disadvantages May be costly for the company to initially start and will rely completely on the outcome. Netflix must be sure they will gain this extra customer base before making the investment. 3. seduce a Customer Base (Expand Social Network) to repair the services of Netflix.The integral business relies on subscribers. If they dont feel as if they are important, they will hesitate to continue paying their fees. Also, being able to communicate with the customers will create a more friendly and personal atmosphere. Starting up a chat room on Netflix to discuss what movies and episodes the subscribers want is a great option to explore. Also, by doing this we can get first hand information and opinions from the source. Letting the customer know we care about them will repair the chemical bond they have with the business.With a way to communicate to the customers, Netflix will be able to expand their customer appreciation and make bette r decisions to satisfy the consumers. Solution Create a chat room to incorporate customer feedback. Advantages This will create a bond with customers, will allow for opinions based completely on the consumer and will allow for Netflix to make accommodating changes to any issues affecting the subscribers. Also this may save some potential investments down the line because with a better cause from the customers, the company will know which areas to splurge on. Example knowing what the customers want, allows Netflix to purchase more of the prevalent demands rather then take the risk with less popular options. Disadvantages It may be costly to start up. Also, it will require someone always on hand to review the feedback. 4. The biggest problem that is associated with Netflix is the unstable price and defrayment plan. The reason Netflix is so popular is because that is what the people love. The fact there is a flat rate to watch unlimited movies is the greatest selling point for consum ers.Every time Netflix announces a change to their flat rate, the amount of viewers decline along with the reputation of the business. It is the smartest idea to combine everything into one flat rate. A little(a) increase may allow for a newer and greater selection on Netflix. If customers are aware of the slight price change and understand it will be ripe for them rather then the company, they will be a lot less hesitant to pay it. Solution set a fixed price rate and plan for the customers. Advantages With a straightforward price and plan, it becomes easier to account for.Consumers enjoy simplicity and are more willing to invest/continue paying for something that seems organized and permanent. Disadvantages Loosing the disassemble effect of DVDs and TV shows. Rather then support what Reed wants by keeping it separate, the company must support what the customer wants as it relies on consumer satisfaction. 5. Creating a rewards program for customers will encourage viewers to conti nue using the service and will potentially increase the time spent on Netflix by the consumers.By incorporating a reward for using the product, it will increase daily views by already existing customers and will open the door to a cock-a-hoop amount of new ones. If consumers know that their time spent is valuable to the company, they will be more willing to continue subscribing and potentially increase their viewing times. Solution Create a reward system that is based on views. (The more videos viewed, the better the reward) For example, if customers view over 30 hours a week on Netflix, a 5% decrease on the monthly payment may take effect. Not an actual set price and reward system for Netflix). Advantages This increases weekly views and will assure the company a certain amount of views is always being accounted for. This also encourages people to spend more time using the product and attracts new customers. Disadvantages a potential loss in the beginning for the company if they do nt have the sufficient funds. This is also time consuming for the company and will require attention to be spent primarily on rewarding the customers. Fixing Netflix With the 3 Ps (Conclusion)Price Solution 1 and 4 (above) heighten on the price. Netflix must erase competition by fixing a competitive price. Also, they need to make sure they are tornadoing the most for the cost. furtherance Solutions 1, 3 and 4 (above) focus on the promotion. By promoting itself with a new approach, Netflix can gain new customers and continue building relationships with the previous ones. Distribution Solution 2 and 5 (above) focus on the distribution. Netflix must make sure its available to everyone and that it is a high demand.Using the solutions suggested will expand the customer base and improve distribution, allowing Netflix more control than other companies. Netflix has the capability to be a great dependable DVD rental and online video streaming service. A few slight changes and improvements made will ensure the business will stay striving for years to come. Netflix must settle on a fixed rate to offer customers. As a completely customer reliable business, it is necessary to involve them in every way possible. As a company, it should and will be Netflixs goal to show the customers what they want to see.By opening this two-way road, company workers and everyday customers will be able to discuss and potentially vote for what shows and movies they would like to see more of. Another thing to take into account are the opportunities for advertisements. The more advertisements Netflix can show throughout a day without interruption will improve the variety of TV shows and movies that they can air due to a budget increase. Netflix needs to become dedicated to its customers in order for it to be successful. Following these suggested solutions may help increase overall yearly sales and customer satisfaction.

Nordstrom Essay

The sparing crisis that started in 2007 affected the business of upscale department stores countrywide. Upscale department stores understand that the items they sell are considered discretionary items, so when there is an economic downturn, they are wholeness of the first industries to be hit. When looking oer the Nordstrom Annual Reports from the last few years, there are two things apparent(a) this company has a lasting strategy and they work hard to continuously evolve this strategy.Their strategy includes constantly evaluating risks in the market such as economic conditions, competitive market forces, availability of merchandise, and growth. With an incredible sense to stay ahead of the trends, minimize turnover time, and serve their customers with an uncanny ability, they have easily become one of the top department stores in the country. Nordstroms core strength revolves around their customer-first attitude, customer loyalty and their aptitude for merchandising. Going forwar d we want to be more than just customer counseled. Instead, were working to become a truly customer-driven organization. 1One way Nordstrom is working to become more customer-driven is by building upon their multi-channel dust. This multi-channel network, cognize as Nordstrom behave, is made up of their online site, and catalog. Over the past three years, Nordstrom has made great strides to ensure that they are fulfilling the needs and desires of all customers. We believe online and ecommerce represent our beside big opportunities.Within two years more customers will access the Internet via their phone than their computers. Were responding2 All of the effort put into the improvement of the system is showing clear results in the financials. The economic recession was felt all over the U. S. including Nordstrom, however they were able to experience an 8. 4% increase in Nordstrom Direct sales during the 2008 fiscal year. 3 Along with improving Nordstrom Direct, an immense amount of effort is being devoted to both the full-line stores and the Nordstrom Rack.Not only has the number of stores expanded over the last few years with a growth of sixteen new stores in 2009 and twenty in 2010, they are capitalizing on their merchandising. Nordstrom takes immense overcharge in their buyers and the work that these buyers have done over the last few years at the core of the company. They ensure that they are maximizing merchandise flexibility to conserve trends and to evolve with the customers and their ever-changing wants. Merchandise is now as current as its ever been, and there is a steady, fresh flow of fashion in and out of the store with a quick turnover system that has been set in place.Customer loyalty is one of the top ways Nordstrom keeps their customers coming back. The descent with a Nordstrom employee and the customer is a two-way street. The company makes their priorities known and their customers are loyal to them because of it, responding in a very p ositive way to the services provided. Employees pride themselves on their relationships with customers and ability to provide them with an enjoyable shopping experience. Nordstrom was fortunate to maintain themselves as a company through the 2008 crisis, with a maximum decline of 12. % in sales and a quick rebound.By 2010 they had increased in-store sales by 8. 1% and set a record-breaking sales number at $9. 31 billion. The right strategy and actions performed in the right circumstances will produce growth, and this is what Nordstrom continues to experience with their customer service strategies. We plan to keep a steady focus on our customers. We follow, first and foremost, a customer strategy at Nordstrom not a price, brand, technology or any other corporate strategy.

How Far Do You Agree with Death Penalty Essay

Do you agree or disagree. There is never a reason for termination penalty to be used.In some countries, serious criminals such as serial murderers and terrorist bomber hardly escape finish sentence. While numerous attendant on such tough justice, others condemn it mainly for religious reasons. It appears to me that those who are against the death penalty have failed to notice the more humane aspects behind this seemingly inhumane charge. My essay will look at those humane aspects as against those to the opposite.First of all, death penalty proves to be an effective kill one to remonstrate with all approach I law enforcement. Crime rates in China have reportedly been fallen to a certain level since the instruction execution of death penalty. By nature, whether it has to do with the fear caused by uncertainty of afterlife or not, human beings would be afraid of death. Death sentence, in as sense, is considerate of psychological approach to put off the evil flame in mankind.Seco ndly, some people do de facilitate this harsh punishment for their wicked flirt against humanity. A serial murderer who slaughtered dozens of innocent children, a terrorist who launched an attack that killed hundredscan you figure out a better penalty to resort to for paying(a) the blood these beasts have spilled? Even relatively lighter crime like corruption might result in life long imprisonment, what then, the crime a degree higher like mass murder should be punished with other than an early road to hell? I just wonder how many people in the world would be willing to spare a terrorist who blasted off 3200 lives in 9.11 attackThirdly, death sentence can serve as a means of psychological therapy and mental compensation for the victims and their loved ones. For instance, the Tokyo Trial, which ended up sentencing to death a group of Japanese chief war criminals, is said to provide an efficient psychological relief for those victimized Asian nations during the war.Death sentence, a pparently, is not aimed against morals and ethics, it is, on the contrary, put up to touch on humanitarian codes by assuring the security of the society and the safety of each individual as it can intimidate potential criminals. Considering the matter this way, it becomes evident that death penalty is more of help than harm. Be it psychologically or politically beneficial, it contributes to the maintenance of social order. I, therefore, suggest we be for it.

No Laughing Matter: a Comprehensive Overview of Nitrous Oxide Abuse

No Laughing Matter A Comprehensive Overview of nitrous Oxide misapply Ryan Ardelle Anatomy & Physiology, Period 3 Mr. Syvret Due March 14, 2013 SUBSTANCE OVERVIEW The issue of inhalant ab lend oneself is a multifaceted problem, stretching across m whatsoever communities and locales in the entirety of the coupled States. inspirations as a class of drug vary widely, ranging from volatile solvents and aerosol propellants, to more broadly, any drug delivered by inhalation. Nitrous oxide straddles these categories, as it finds use not only a common dental consonant analgesic, but also as a propellant, in such uses as whipping unction, automotive racing, and rocketry.As a result, azotic oxide is found in many forms medical-grade, food-grade, and industrial-grade, with various purities (Erowid). Commonly known as laughing liquid, nitric oxide wears many hats and goes by many names. For example, those who use nitric oxide in automotive racing or rocketry applications know it as NOS (Alai). In this usage, nitric oxide is applied as a powerful oxidizer, allowing a fomites engine to combust ball upoline more rapidly, with an associated increase in horsepower (Winter). This form of nitrous oxide is packaged with many additives to not only better its performance but also to deter its abuse (Erowid).When abused recreationally however, nitrous oxide finds many more colorful nicknames, such as hippie crack and nangs (Erowid). It is a true gas, existing as a gas under atmospheric pressure at way temperature, although it assumes a liquid evidence when compressed in a gas cylinder (Alai). Nitrous oxide is a strong oxidizing agent with a density of 1. 9kg/m 3, and it has a linear molecular form consisting of 2 atoms of nitrogen and one atom of oxygen (Winter). Nitrous oxide has no color and has a sweet odor, familiar to anybody who has tasted whipped cream (Erowid).Nitrous oxide is commercially manufactured by high temperature ammonium nitrate to 240C. Impurities su ch as ammonia and nitric acid in addition to excess water vapor are removed by dint of an extensive gas scrubbing process. Food-grade nitrous oxide is often stored in white, 8-gram cylinders with a sealed metal puncture cap and packaged in boxes of 100 cylinders. Medical-grade nitrous oxide is stored in French-blue cylinders and is pressurized to 4400 kPa at room temperature. The Pin Index Safety System configuration for nitrous oxide cylinders is 3-5 (Banks and Hardman). HISTORY OF NITROUS OXIDE ABUSEBritish chemist and Presbyterian minister Joseph Humphrey first synthesized nitrous oxide gas in England in 1772. Priestly later published his tame in a 1776 journal, Experiments and Observations on varied Kinds of Air (Priestly). This publication proved exceedingly intriguing to the scientific community, psychoanalyseing to additional research and Humphry Davys influential 1800 book, Researches, Chemical and Philosophical Chiefly Concerning Nitrous Oxide. Throughout the remaind er of the nineteenth century, nitrous oxides usage as a recreational drug became increasingly popular.Traveling medical shows and carnivals featured affectionately named Nitrous Oxide Capers, in which attendees paid a dispirited fee to inhale a minutes worth of gas (Brecher). In 1844, Dr. Horace Wells, a British dentist, first demonstrated the use of nitrous oxide as a dental anesthetic. His initial testing on a patient at Harvard Medical School was unsuccessful, resulting in the public dismissal of nitrous oxide as a legitimate anesthetic. Nevertheless, nitrous oxide had a sudden resurgence in the dental community in the early 1860s, thanks to a series of dental institutions opened by lecturer and showman Gardener Quincy Colton.These practices utilized nitrous oxide as their primary form of dental anesthesia, henceforth standardizing its usage in the United States (Erowid). METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION Nitrous oxide is administered via inhalation of compressed gas. Users most frequen tly obtain nitrous oxide from small, 8-gram rearisters used to charge whipped cream dispensers. These canisters are readily available for grease ones palms in most restaurant supply stores, on the Internet, and in head shops across the nation (Narconon).Once obtained, the contents of the canisters are turn overd into empty whipped cream dispensers or into a aviate. A pressure release valve, or cracker, must be used in order to safely siphon the gas into a pilot (Erowid). These valves are also available for purchase online or in head shops (Narconon). Users with access to larger cylinders of nitrous oxide sometimes inhale the gas through a nasal hood or anesthesia mask, as used in dental surgery. However, this method is extremely dangerous without proper medical supervision, as users can inhale larger amounts of gas without access to fresh oxygen.As a result, the vast majority of nitrous oxide users prefer to use the aforementioned whipped cream dispenser or balloon methods of inhalation (Wagner, Clark, Wesche, Doedens, and Lloyd). Whipped cream canisters and standard latex party balloons have a maximum capacity of approximately three 8-gram cylinders. Depending on personal preference, users can postulate their vessel of choice with one, two, or three cylinders at a time (Creamright). Once the whipped cream dispenser or balloon is filled to the users liking, the gas inside is rapidly inhaled into the users lungs.The gas is often held in the lungs for twenty to sixty seconds to induce hypoxia and enhance the euphoric effects. The gas is then exhaled normally, and the user resumes unbendable respiration of room air (Erowid). IMMEDIATE EFFECTS Once inhaled, nitrous oxide is immediately absorbed through the lungs, dissolving directly into bank line plasma. at bottom ten to fifteen seconds, nitrous oxide molecules re engineer oxygen molecules in the users lungs, thereby stimulating a euphoric sensation. Users then experience a brief high usually lasting be tween thirty seconds and two minutes with a standard dose (Erowid).Symptoms of nitrous oxide abuse include duncish speech, impaired coordination and balance, difficulty thinking clearly and processing information, unresponsiveness to verbal and painful stimuli, and occasionally loss of consciousness. Assuming the user returns to regularly breathing room air after the initial gas inhalation, these symptoms should subside within two minutes. The onset and peak effect timing of nitrous oxide is determined by the sum consumed (Narconon). Nitrous oxide inhalation impacts the function of numerous physiologic systems.First, nitrous oxide decreases tidal volume and increases respiratory rate following activation of the central nervous system. myocardial depression and an increase in central sympathetic outflow also occur following nitrous oxide inhalation. Inhaled nitrous oxide may produce the second gas effect, as nitrous oxide has a more rapid rate of diffusion across alveolar basement membranes than nitrogen gas. This rapid exit of nitrous oxide from the alveoli initiates a concentration of other alveolar gases, thereby accelerating the uptake of nitrous oxide into the bloodstream (Banks and Hardman).The primary method of nitrous oxide elimination is via the exhalation from the lungs. Nitrous oxide exits the body whole unchanged in chemical formula and structure. Small amounts of nitrous oxide diffuse through the skin and the renal system, and anaerobic bacteria in the GI pathway reduce any outstanding nitrous oxide into nitrogen gas (Erowid). ACTION ON THE BRAIN Nitrous oxide causes vasodilatation, resulting in an increase in cerebral blood flow and causing a corresponding increase in intracranial pressure (Erowid). Unlike most inhalants, nitrous oxide does not augment the effects of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers.Accordingly, nitrous oxide does not produce the same neuromuscular depression experienced with other inhalant abuse. Nitrous oxide activate s opioid receptors in the periaqueductal grey of the midbrain, stimulating a release of norepinephrine and activation of 2-adrenoceptors in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (Banks and Hardman). LONG TERM EFFECTS Risks involved in nitrous oxide inhalation circulate primarily around displacing oxygen. Although nitrous oxide does not bind with hemoglobin and instead dissolves into the blood, continued inhalation of pure nitrous oxide without supplemental oxygen can lead to hypoxia.Nitrous oxide-induced hypoxia is especially dangerous because users may not realize that they asphyxiating themselves the impulse to breathe is triggered by a build-up of carbon dioxide, rather than a lack of oxygen (Banks and Hardman). Aside from hypoxia, there are relatively few physiologic dangers associated with nitrous oxide abuse. The most significant of these effects is Vitamin B depletion and deficiency. This can potentially lead to ague or chronic paresthesia, the sensation of pins and needles, and can inhibit the activity of methionine synthetase, thereby interfering with DNA synthesis in leukocytes and erythrocytes.However, Vitamin B and Folate supplements can oppose these side effects (Banks and Hardman). Nitrous oxide can also induce potentially dangerous airspace expansion in the body, such as pneumothorax or gut obstruction, due to its rapid diffusion properties. Other potential side effects include respiratory depression, apnea, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, dizziness, neuropathy, nausea, vomiting, ileus, bone marrow depression, and malignant hyperthermia. Pregnant women should not use nitrous oxide, as the gas diffuses into the placenta and can cause fetal depression (Erowid).A few cases of frostbite on the vocal cords have been record following direct inhalation of nitrous oxide from a canister (Banks and Hardman). Also, nitrous oxide users are at risk of traumatic fall injuries such as disoriented extremities and concussions due to impaired balance and pos sible loss of consciousness (Narconon). STATISTICS Nitrous oxide abuse is most common among younger adolescents aged 16-17, although abuse does occur among former(a) individuals. A 2011 study from the University of Michigan showed that 13% of 8th grade students reported abusing inhalants at least once (National Institute on Drug Abuse).A similar study from the University of Virginia revealed that nitrous oxide was one of the top v cognitive contents abused by adolescent inhalant users (Narconon). According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, the place of inhalant abuse increased steadily from 3. 4 percent at age 12 to 5. 3 percent at age 14, then declined to 3. 9 percent by age 17 from 2002-2006. Data from this study also showed that adolescents age 12 to 17 represented 48 percent of all substance abuse treatment admissions reporting inhalants. Among these adolescent admissions reporting inhalant abuse, 45% had a concurrent psychiatric disorder (SA MHSA). Erowid. com, a popular website that provides information on psychoactive drug use, conducted a series of online surveys in September 2009 in a study examining the possible presence of contaminants in nitrous oxide chargers. One of the surveys asked regular nitrous oxide users their preferred method of inhalation 46% preferred using a cracker with a balloon, 34. 4% preferred inhaling directly from a whipped cream dispenser, 11. % percent preferred a whipped cream dispenser with a balloon, 1. 7 % preferred a cracker with a bag, 0. 7% preferred a whipped cream dispenser with a bag, and 5. 0% preferred other methods (Erowid). Nitrous oxide is not physiologically addictive, although certain individuals can use it compulsively. While psychological addiction is possible, the only symptom of climb-down is the desire to inhale more nitrous oxide (Dartmouth College). Furthermore, statistics on inhalant-related deaths are difficulty to determine, as most deaths are severely under-repor ted.Most of the time, death is attributed to cardiac or respiratory failure subsequent to inhalant abuse. Studies from the Texas Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse between 1990 and 1993 revealed an average of 15 inhalant abuse-related deaths per year in the state of Texas. Of those deaths, 94% of victims were male, and 91% were Caucasian, on average (National Inhalant measure Coalition). Most recreational nitrous oxide-related deaths are caused by hypoxia when users affix masks without oxygen or place bags over their heads to concentrate the gas (Erowid). EFFORTS TO ADDRESS ABUSEThe topic of inhalants has been addressed by multiple small grass-roots efforts in local communities, but has also seen national discussion. Although no national legislation is in place restricting the sale, consumption, and distribution of nitrous oxide, several states and municipalities have passed laws in an attempt to curb usage. Most of these laws specifically range underage consumption and sale of n itrous oxide to minors (Center for Cognitive Liberty & Ethics). For example, the Article 34 Title 7 3380. 5a-5b of the New York State Controlled Substances Act states a) No person shall use nitrous oxide for purposes of causing intoxication, inebriation, excitement, stupefaction or the dulling of the brain or nervous system of himself or another. (b) No person shall sell any canister or other container of nitrous oxide unless granted an exemption pursuant to this subdivision. In no event shall any canister or other container of nitrous oxide be sold to a person under the age of twenty-one years. Any person who violates any provision of subdivision four or five of this section shall be guilty of class A misdemeanor (New York State Legislature).A number of non-governmental organizations such as the National Inhalant Prevention Coalition work to educate the public on the facts and dangers of inhalant abuse. These organizations frequently lobby on the state and federal level in attempt to pass more sumptuary anti-inhalant abuse legislature. These preventative efforts have helped to several states integrate inhalant abuse education into primary and secondary school health education curricula (National Inhalant Prevention Coalition). Works Cited Alai, Nili N. Nitrous Oxide Administration. Ed. Rick Kulkarni.Medscape Reference, 30 Jan. 2012. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. . Banks, Amelia, and Jonathan G. Hardman. Nitrous Oxide. British Journal of Anaesthesia Continuing Education in Anaethesia, Critical Care, and Pain (2005) 1-4. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. . Brecher, Edward M. The Consumers Union Report on Licit and Illicit Drugs. Consumer Reports Magazine 1972. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. . Drug Facts Inhalants. Inhalants. National Institute on Drug Abuse, Sept. 2012. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. . Erowid Nitrous Oxide Vault. Erowid, 21 Feb. 2013. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. . Frequently Asked Questions. Nitrous Oxide Whipped Cream Chargers. Creamright, 2013. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. . Nitrous Oxide (Laughing Gas). Hea lth Promotion. Dartmouth College, 21 Jan. 2009. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. lthttp//www. dartmouth. edu/healthed/groups/dapa/otherdrugs/no. html. Nitrous Oxide. Nitrous Oxide. Narconon, 2013. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. . Priestly, Joseph. Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air. Vol. 2. London n. p. , 1776. 6 vols. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. . Public Health. Laws of New York. New York State Legislature, n. d. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. . Statistics on Inhalants Show Young Teens at Risk. SAMHSA News. SAMHSA, Mar. 2008. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. . US Nitrous Oxide Laws. State Laws Concerning Inhalation of Nitrous Oxide. Center for Cognitive Liberty & Ethics, May 2002. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. . View Point. National Inhalant Prevention Coalition Quarterly Newsletter.National Inhalant Prevention Coalition, 2013. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. . Wagner, Scott A. , Michael A. Clark, David L. Wesche, David J. Doedens, and Alan W. Lloyd. Asphyxial Deaths from the Recreational Use of Nitrous Oxide. Journal of Forensic Sciences 37. 4 ( 1992) 1008-15. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. . Winter, Mark. Nitrous Oxide. WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements. WebElements, n. d. Web. 4 Mar. 2013. .

Molarity and Percent Solution Lab Essay

ObjectiveThe objective of this lab was to determine the molarity and portion bulgecome of a solution with an secret concentration.BackgroundMolarity is the number of moles of a solute per liter of a solution. Percent solution is the percentage of a solute in a specific mass or volume of a upshot. A solute is a solid that gets dissolved in a solvent or a liquid that is a smaller amount than the solvent. A solvent is a liquid that dissolves the solute and it always is a larger amount. Solvation is when solute particles are surrounded by solvent molecules. A lab technique that was used during the lab was to boil the solution in order to separate the solute from the solvent.Materials List 10mL graduated cylinder Solution with unknown concentration Hot nursing home Pipette Hot grip Scale 100mL beakerProcedure1. Obtain the solution with the unknown concentration from Mrs. Magdaleno. 2. Measure the volume of the solution by pouring it in the 10mL graduated cylinder. Use the pipette t o take out solution in the graduated cylinder until the volume was at 6mL. express it in the data table. 3. Measure the empty 100mL beaker victimisation the scale. Record it in the data table. 4. Pour the solution in the 100mL beaker.5. Find the mass of the beaker and solution using the scale. Make sure to set forth original beaker mass from the mass of the beaker and solution. 6. Boil the solution to separate the solute from the solvent by using the hot plate get along to nine. 7. Once all the water has evaporated use the hot grips to remove the beaker from the hot plate and let cool. Find the mass of the beaker and solute using the scale. Make sure to subtract beaker mass from the beaker and solute mass. 8. Use the data from the data table to solve for molarity and percent solution.Observations The water started to boil and evaporate when it was on the hot plate. It smelt equivalent the salt was burning. Some salt spilled out on the lab station when the water completely evapo rated.Data TableVolume of solution (L) 6mL=0.006L circumstances of beaker (g) 68.95g Mass of solution and beaker(g) 75.06g Mass of solution(g) 6.12g Mass of solute and beaker(g) 69.41g Mass of solute(g) 0.46g ResultsA MolarityB Percent SolutionConclusionThe molarity that was calculated for the unknown solution was 1.31M. The percent solution that was calculated for the unknown solution was 7.52%. A procedural that would have led to a lower concentration value was when some salt spilled out onto the lab station after all of the water had evaporated from the beaker. Another error that would result in a higher concentration would be if the beaker was not wry when the mass was measured with the scale. Something that could be done differently to lead to a more accurate concentration would be to take the beaker off the hot plate sooner and not let the salt sit and burn or come out of the beaker.

Athletes Are Not Above the Law

Should all athlete be judged on what kind of person he or she is on or dispatch the field, court, or fluid pool? The answer is yes, athletes should be punished for actions which occur in their own ain lives. In todays world, sport stars and other athletes argon hearted up to by all ages. Everyone loves them. They look great in the eyes of the everyday public. They appear on television they perform like joust stars, and do this with the entire world watching. precisely do athletes responsibilities affect merely his or her performance on the field of play or does it also extend to his personal life as well? thither argon many who claim that it is wrong for a sophisticated society to force a scar of behavior expectations on people who just happen to do extremely well in sports. I am non a percentage specimen (Im Not a, par 1). That statement was tell by former National Basketball Association (NBA) player Charles Barkeley. Some other players agree with him, in the fact, they do not and dont expect to be considered role models (Im Not a, par. 1).But the truth is, whether they like it or not, they ar role models to many young fans who watch their every displace on and off the field, and models their lives after how their favorite player does. Athletes should be judged on their actions off the field. low, they be role models to millions of young fans. Secondly, athletes are not above the law and should not be treated that way. Finally, they are representatives of their team, instill, sport, and countries. First of all, athletes should be judge for their actions off the playing field because they are the role models of millions of young fans.Great athletes are always in the eye of the public and media, and their actions are seen both on and off the field, sometimes even out when they think nobody is watching much(prenominal) as majestic Gold Medalist and swimming phenomenon, Michael Phelps. Phelps is looked at as a national hero for is world record breaking efforts in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, and a role model to millions of young kids all oer the world. Recently, he was caught in a frivol away smoking marijuana.In our exclusive photo Michael Phelps, who won a record EIGHT gold medals for swimming at the Beijing games last summer, draws from a bong(Dickenson). Even though, Phelps thought he was in a trusted environment, and the photographer showed a severe lack of class in taking the photograph, just for a little cash. Phelps was seen by millions of people and the young fans who adore him and should be punished for is illegal actions not only by the law but in his sport, as well, because of his responsibility as a role model in the eyes of his young fans.Because of his of his great accomplishment and the affect it brought upon his young fans to model their lives after Phelps, what leave his fans say when they are offered to smoke marijuana? I saw Michael Phelps do it, so it cannot be that bad, and take for a wrong de cision because of the actions of their hero. Athletes should be accounted for their actions of the playing fields because the negative influence they could put in the hands of their young fans. Secondly, athletes are not above the law, and should be monitored on and off the field.There are no double standard rules for athletes when they are in trouble with the law. They are veritable(a) human beings, such as you and I, and we should all be treated equally in the court of law They are not above the law, and its at least satisfying to see them pay the consequences as well (some of the time) like the regular folk. But, even if they are drunk or sober, should we at least expect some decent shoot in their spare time. These guys are doing what some of us hope or used to hope, happen to us. That is to unhorse the opportunity to make a great salary doing something we love for a portion of the year Im Not a, par. 5)Athletes are not superior to the rest of us they are just as prone to the consequences of the law as you or me. Athletes are not above the law, and should not be treated that way. They are just regular people like everyone else, they just have this lime light over their head twenty-four-seven. Finally, athletes represent their teams, schools, sports, and countries with every action they make on and off the field. When wearing the colors of their school or country while doing an unlawful act, it will give that rganization a bad reputation of benignity and not being a serious institution.Two 20-year-old Duke University lacrosse players were arrested early Tuesday on charges of raping and kidnapping a stemming algorithm hired to dance at an off-campus party(Duke Lacrosse Players, par. 1). Even though, the accusations were false and later dropped the scandal forced the baby carriage to resign, brought shame upon the university and the teams season to an early end. Therefore, athletes are ambassadors of their teams, schools, sports and countries and they re present them on and off the field.Athletes are role models to millions of young fans. Secondly, athletes are not above the law and should not be treated that way. Finally, they are representatives of their teams, schools, sports, and countries. For those reasons, athletes should be judged for their actions off the field. Great competitors are always in the eye of the media, and decisions could affect the lives of their fans, team members, coaches, and clubs. So they should strive to not be only outstanding athletes on the field, but outstanding citizens off the field. survey Citedhttp//www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5348321

Internet Mental Health Issues Essay

Mental health function conducted on the Internet study been described as e-therapy, online counseling, e -mail therapy, Internet-based therapy, and similar terminology. Online therapy services may be provided as an adjunct to to a greater extent traditional forms of mental health treatment, or may be initiated without any offline contact between the therapist and client. Currently, there atomic number 18 a variety of websites providing links and information regarding online therapy. As I was reading some benefits and risks in using internet as a source for mental health services, I recognize that there are a lot of factors that make it a controversial issue.There are many another(prenominal) pro and con to its benefits. Some Pros are the convenience of a client, Flexibility in scheduling, Anonymous and private, gate to those with physical disabilities emotionally safe environment on of my biggest issues is making use of the time-delay (email) to work on issues. charm to thos e who are shy, uncomfortable with face-to-face treatment and make them feel much those who are shy more comfortable. Some disadvantages are Privacy, security and privilege cannot be guaranteed, Lack of patient skills to use the Absence of face-to-face therapy relationship, Lack of behavioral cues may lead to problems in treatment and most importantly is Urgent, crises, or self-destructive issues may not receive immediate and appropriate attention.I work in a company clinic where we offer many treatments unmatchable of them is therapy also. As I came across this assignment I ask one of our doctors what they believed. One of the doctors sends in miner cases it could be useful as long as is a easy program with credentials and the issues are not unfeignedly serious. At this time we are transitioning from paper charts to computers so most of the time there sitting in front of the computer typing away darn the patient is speaking.It made me realized that in a way internet and mental services are becoming more and more essential for eachother. When I was reading the website for American Psychological knowledge it provided me the ethics they have to fallow when they provide service public advice or comment via print, Internet or other electronic transmission, they take precautions to ensure that statements (1) are based on their professional knowledge, training or experience in accord with appropriate psychological literature and practice (2) are otherwise accordant with this Ethics Code and (3) do not indicate that a professional relationship has been established with the recipient.I believe in conclusion we could benefit from these services as long as we are really aware that they are legit and trustworthy. In my case I believe sometimes I could benefit from therapy only if simply have no time. One of the reasons I choose online schooling. Definitely I would use these services and give it a try. There are programs offer here in calcium that can function yo u as a guide to search for help. The Board of Behavioral Sciences (BBS) would like to make the following recommendations to California consumers who choose to seek therapy or counseling over the Internet.Individuals, who provide psychotherapy or counseling, either in person, by telephone, or over the Internet, are required by law to be clear. Licensing requirements vary by state. Individuals who provide psychotherapy or counseling to persons in California are required to be licensed in California. Such licensure permits the consumer to pursue recourse against the licensee should the consumer believe that the licensee engaged in unprofessional conduct.References1. National familiarity of Social Workers Code of Ethics Retrieved From https//www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/default.asp2. American Psychological Association Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of sell Retrieved From http//www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx3. The Branch Journal of Psychiatry Dr. John Powell Inter net information-seeking in mental health Sept 2006 retrieved from http//bjp.rcpsych.org/content/189/3/273.short4. Department of Consumer Affairs Board of Behavioral Sciences ConsumerInformation Regarding Online Psychotherapy Retrieved From http//www.bbs.ca.gov/consumer/consumer_psych_online.shtml

Conflict & Stress Management Essay

1.0 INTRODUCTION attempt and contravention ar dickens major(ip) issues any musical arrangement faces. They are inevi slacken in twain told facets of life, be individual(a) or governanceal. If non come aboutled good they give the axe be a hindrance for the confederation accomplishment. dispute and tenseness both(prenominal) varies according to the organisation and its culture. nonwithstanding both shoot to be managed thoroughly to avoid unnecessary problems. contravention is a perception. Surveys show that employees spend as much as 42% of their while engaging in or attempting to resolve affairs and 20% of private instructors clock judgment of conviction is taken up by involvement related issues (Gupta, Boyd, Kuzmits, 2011). This valuable date can be utilised in making the organisation a more efficient and an effective angiotensin converting enzyme. Organisations which fail to address appointment crap the risk of losing their agonistical advantage. Conf lict can be viewed in many ways and at that place are different steering titles which can direct with interlocking. The leaders of the organisation must(prenominal) be involved in dealing with conflict as they would stool to negotiate and bargain in order to overcome conflict.Stress is a major concern with todays working flock. This is because the world is developing in a faster cubic yard which requires constant adaptation. Stress not only affects adepts work-life balance, ex numberly also their mortalal life which creates chaos for individuals. correspond to some estimation, humankind losses 100 million workdays both year due(p) to the af termath of focussing (Tr train & Potocan, 2005). Work tenor posits to be managed headspring so it can actually improve the well being of the individuals as well as the organisation.Both of these situationors for wash up be viewed in the background of Nippon Lanka and go away be analysed thoroughly on how they overcome thes e issues to maintain a healthy relationship with employees. Improvements and recommendations for the current methods leave behind also be discussed.2.0 OVERVIEWNippon Lanka Pvt Ltd (NPLK) is a joint venture (JV) amid the Nippon PLC Japan (NPJ) and Silicone Coatings Pvt Ltd (SC) Sri Lanka w present the NPJ brought over 60% of Silicones shares. This joint venture is advantageous to both parties where NPJ is able to use this as an ledger entry method and SC as an opportunity to be a part of a global industry. system of this JV as well ask al well-nigh a year where Nippon Lanka studied SC and the relevant industry as intact to get an thought of the present market conditions. It was bring that in that location was no better time to wear the Sri Lankan market due to the post war era development. in that respectfore SC was considered due to their strong armorial bearing in the market.Today after about three months from victoriously forming the JV the fel unkeptship is going t hrough a transition period. in that location arent any major changes to positions in the hierarchy but there are role changes and employees are finding it difficult to adapt to their impudent roles. Example The Managing Director (MD) of the fellowship who was the owner of the corporation still is the MD how ever to day the person is a salaried employee. The public tutor who was coverage directly to MD today has to report to the Board of directors where MD is just one out of the five directors.When examining the company culture towards conflict, the company culture and the value system which has been there for 35 years from the date of the establishment is now being changed. SC was established in 1979, as a small scale manufacture and a distributer of paint related ancillaries. By the time Nippon approached SC it had grown into the largest local player in the market where it was second only to the global giant Akzonobal by a 3% margin.It is evident that SC has been a one man show up to the time of the JV, the full value system and the operational procedures were laid down by the founder himself and not most of the coach-and-fours found it enticing to be part of. Therefore the HR vacateover was such that on bonnie about six key resources left the company. In this bet on ground lets beguile how the conflict and stress counselling office staff takes place at bottom the organization.3.0 CONFLICT AND CONFLICT counseling3.1 Conflict Management StylesConflict can be defined as the process that begins when one fellowship perceives that different party has prohibitly affected, or is about to contradictly affect, something the first party cares about (Robbins S., Judge T. & Vohra N., 2011441). It is that full point in an ongoing activity when an interaction crosses over to become an interparty conflict. Conflict can be seen as good and bad with corresponding positive and negative outcomes where this would all depend on how one views conflict.There are three basics views of conflict. These are the Traditional view, the Interactionist view and Managed conflict view. The traditional view sees conflict as bad and something that must be eliminated through the use of authority. Poor talk, lack of openness and adversity to respond to employee needs could be seen as few of the causes. The interactionist view is that conflict is desirable, necessary for high performance teams and should be encouraged. The contemporary view is that conflict is inevitable and it may be positive or negative but it must be managed to be beneficial.Nippon Lanka follows a more interactionist view where conflict is encouraged and the company is of the view that a perfectly cooperative, harmonious group would hinder dynamism, creativity and innovation where a tokenish level of conflict is needed to prevent a lacklustre, uninterested attitude among the group.As mentioned earlier, not all conflicts are good, and this view only retains functional conflict. Functional conflict is a constructive form of conflict that supports the goals of the group and improves performance. The type of conflict at hand would distinguish a functional conflict from a dysfunctional conflict. Although these are distinct types of conflict, the occurrence of one type of conflict can lead to a conflict of an opposite type taking place. For example, the process of monetary valueing has been kept confidential, and this has led to the focus amidst the sales team and the costing team.3.2TYPES OF CONFLICT PRESENT IN NIPPON LANKA3.2.1Relationship conflictConflicts between two people are known as relationship conflicts. These conflicts arise as a result of miscommunication, disagreements or misunderstandings between people.One such situation at Nippon Lanka arose between the Brand Manager and the Marketing Manager. The Brand manager has been with the company for 5 years and has previously worked with two Heads of marketing. erst the new marketing manager was appoi nted, it was found that the latter was less(prenominal) experienced and was not spontaneous to corporate with the Marketing Head. This triggered huge problems for the new comer. The attention was aware of this, but wasnt able to remove him from the position due to the valuable connections the customers. However, the Marketing Manager understood this inferiority complex of the Brand Manager. Having gone through the initial hardships the new marketing manager somehow managed to win the trust of the Brand manager. Now they are working harmoniously, directing all their efforts towards the clear of the company.3.2.2.Data ConflictThis occurs when decisions are made without adequate information. At Nippon Lanka, the costing department works in isolation. They do not consult the sales and marketing team when arriving at the costs, so more often than not, the cost of the product is either too high, depriving them of valuable orders and potential growth, or at times its too low depriving t he opportunity for the company to charge a premium price on an innovative product or to achieve efficiency through specialisation.3.2.3Interest ConflictConflicts of interest mainly deal with psychological issues, where an individual or organisation behaves in a veritable dash, with the aim of meeting a particular interest which is not shared by everyone else. The JV with the Japanese company was not disclosed or made public, even though doing so would have been acting in the best interests of the company. The MD did not like the idea of publicising the 6040 JV that was taking place, as it would be viewed as a takeover. However, the rest of the company felt that some amount of public awareness would have positively impacted the companys future performance.Another example would be when the HR department wanted to minimise the over time cost they imposed a rule where all sales vehicle needs to be buttocks at the HO by 5 pm. As an example what the gross sales representatives would d o is when they need to incline goods up to Negombo, covering Wattala, Ja-ela, Seeduwa and Negombo. They would turn back from Seeduwa at 3.30 pm in order to get down it back to office by 5 pm, without covering their full distance to Negombo. What followed was a delay in the lurch and travelling additional mileage, having to revisit incomplete routes taking the same path.3.2.4 Structural ConflictStructural conflict arises from unclear and undefined roles and reporting lines. The R&D and the production manger are directly reporting to the MD. The other managers report to the GM, where the GM reports to the MD. Currently when a sales representative needs to develop a sample for a particular customer, the sales representative will not have the adequate support since the request from the sales rep will not be taken seriously from the R&D manager and the GM cannot question them for not doing it in good order. Only 10 out of 1 samples are successful and yet the R&D manager has managed t o survive, distracting the control and supervisory system of the top management since there is no clear reporting structure.3.2.5 Value ConflictA value conflict comes about when two people or groups have dissenting views on moralitythat basic understanding of what is naturally right or wrong. As mentioned earlier, the cost manager considered himself and his department superior than the other departments, with the notion that the information handled need not be disclosed to anyone else. At present, the cost manager is in prison, facing charges of fraud. Although the milieu helped the person to carry out fraud, this is a clear example of conflicting values.3.3 THE CONFLICT PROCESSFigure 1 The Conflict Process(Source Robbins S., Judge T. & Vohra N., 2005444)3.3.1Stage I Potential opposition or incompatibilityThe first correspond talks about the conditions that are needed for conflict to arise. They may not directly lead to conflict, but they need to be present for conflict to surface . They can be referred to as the causes of conflict and can be condensed into three general categories, namely communications, structure and ain variables. Communication, either too much or too little information passed between members can result in potential opportunities for conflict to arise. At Nippon Lanka, the manner in which the costing of the products is carried out is not communicated to the members in the other dept and this has been the initiating factor for conflict to set in. social structure includes several variables such as size, degree of specialization in the tasks assigned to the group members, role clarity, member-goal compatibility, leaders styles, reward systems, and the degree of dependence among groups.The sales and promotions manager at Nippon Paints follow an aggressive, predator style of leadership where excuses were not tolerated and was only interested in the achievement of results and targets. An example would be, the samples taken from the production team that is utilise for sales and promotion does not meet the required standards of quality where 9 out of 10 samples would fail. akin time, the Sales and promotions manager would also be very demanding of the sales representatives in terms of acquiring the sought after targets. In some cases, employees have resigned due this demanding nature. Personal variables are mainly due to differences in personal traits of individuals.Diverse issues such as prejudice and disagreements over ones contribution to the group, as well as the rewards one deserves. For example, at Nippon Paints, the General Manager is prepared to hire new trainees at Rs. 15,000/=, whereas the Sales and Promotions Manager feels that the market rate of Rs. 30,000/= should be paid to them. The low salaries have deterred attracting the talented individuals and therefore not achieving the fullest potential.3.3.2Stage II Cognition and PersonalizationIf the conditions mentioned in stage I negatively affect something on e party cares about, thence the potential for opposition or incompatibility surfaces in the second stage. One or both parties must be aware and perceive that these conditions exist. However, just because it is perceived does not make the conflict personalized. It may not have an effect on either or both parties. The conflict has to be felt, for individuals become emotionally involved, leading to anxiety, tension, frustration or hostility.3.3.3Stage III IntentionsIntentions get in the way of peoples perceptions and emotions and act as decisions for them to react the way they do to the situation at hand. They are important, as one has to make inferences of the other partys intentions to know and understand the reason behind that partys conduct and to respond accordingly. Conflicts tend to escalate at this point merely because of the wrong inferences being made. Sometimes a behavior might erroneously reflect the persons intentions. Two dimensions are used, namely amenability (the degr ee to which one party attempts to satisfy the other partys concerns) and assertiveness (the degree to which one party attempt to satisfy his or her own concerns) to identify five conflict handling intentions. This has been attach to Appendix 1 with the styles explained.3.3.4Stage IV BehaviorThis stage includes actions, statements and reactions made by the conflicting parties. Intentions of each party are implemented through these behaviors and can be seen as a dynamic process of interaction. Conflicts ordinarily start slow characterized by indirect rather subtle forms of tension and escalate as the tension builds. At this latter stage things could become highly destructive where such conflicts are almost forever and a day dysfunctional.3.3.5Stage V OutcomesBehavior would lead to outcomes, where some are functional in that the conflict results in an gain in the groups performance or it may also be dysfunctional in that it hinders group performance. Functional conflict can be bene ficial for the company as it provides a fair through which problems can be aired and tensions released. This improves the quality of decisions, stimulates creativity and innovation, encourages interest and curiosity among group members and it forces and environment of self-evaluation and change.Some companies discourage conflict as they prefer yes-men, loyal to the higher ups to the point of never question company actions. As for dysfunctional conflict it would reduce group effectiveness and group cohesiveness. At the extreme, conflict can bring group functioning to a halt and potentially threaten the groups survival. Refer Appendix II for the example of a conflict Process at Nippon paints.3.3 NEGOTIATING AND BARGAINING ahead the organisation starts negotiating they should be aware of the nature of the conflict. There is a certain process that needs to be followed in negotiation. dialog is by explanation the management of crossed demands, where each one of us expresses requests hoping the other will try to fulfil them (Lempereur, A. 2012). As it is verbalise Everything is negotiation in life, so every party involved in the process would like to take the best out of it.3.3.1 Bargaining StrategiesThere are two bargaining strategies that could be discussed. Distributive bargaining and integrative bargaining. In the current context what is more obvious is integrative bargaining which makes both the parties involved satisfied creating a win-win situation. An example for this was when a sales representative requests for a personal vehicle they need to achieve a certain level of sales targets. If they maintain the sales targets for a sustainable period they will be given a personal vehicle. But by any chance if they do not keep up to the said targets their salaries will be reduced in accordance with the cost of maintaining the vehicle by the company. Through a situation like this, what is created is a long term positive relationship for the company. As a compan y, they attach the sales levels and the employees will also be satisfied as their needs are also met.3.3.2 Negotiation ProcessNegotiation can happen in 5 steps these are preparation and planning, definition and ground rules, clarification and justification, bargaining and problem solving and closure and implementation. Some do not have a positive ending or a closure. But negotiations that have an effect for the organisation will go through a process.An example of this would be when the company needs to host certain function in hotels they would negotiate with them for the best bargain. As they have cost constraints, there are certain limitations and getting the best bargain with the best outcome would be the perfect scenario. Before the start of the negotiation with the relevant hoteliers the in-charge person will prepare the list of things that need to be discussed. These would be the pricing, menu items, additional serve that are required and assess what the other party goals an d prepare well for them.In this instance a budget per person would be Rs. 3,000. But the relevant hotels cost was higher. Then the menus for these relevant amounts will be compared. In the Sri Lankan context rather than a 4 or 5 course meal, action displace with koththu and hoppers have a vibrant feeling and also cost less. So in the negotiation table the other alternatives will be put across. Since information is all gathered, the representative will develop a strategy. The person will also determine the Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA). So here the BATNA will be to get cost per person at Rs. 3,000 having action stations with cocktail menu.The person will determine when and where to have the appointment. The ideal place would be at hotel premises because then the ambiance where operate capacity can also be viewed. The meeting would be planned in the best time where both parties are not strained with other commitments and can concentrate for a best outcome. Once the initial stance is made then there will be further clarifications and explanations. Then both parties will try to come up with concessions in order to make a decision. Once both parties are satisfied they will formalize the agreement. In this process Nippon Lanka representatives will stress on the fact that if one event is made a success then the hotel is winning a long term corporate client. This enhances their business.3.3.3 Third Party NegotiationThis is crucial for Nippon Lanka as they deal with lot of suppliers and customers. Advertising is a crucial part for this organisation and dealing with media is important to get a good advertising deal. earlier they were dealing with the television and radio stations by themselves and it was quite strenuous. Getting a good deal that is worth their money was tough and time consuming, having deal with different organisations, so they decided to obtain ternary party involvement. The outcome was to get a adviser to act on media buying f or the organisation. A consultant is a skilled and impartial third party who attempts to facilitate problem solving through communication and analysis (Robbins S., Judge T. & Vohra N., 2011457). They are there to improve the current status and to get a win-win firmness of purpose for both parties. When Nippon started using a third party advertising firm to do media buying, they were able to get good deals from media as they have a high bargaining power.4.0 WORK STRESS & STRESS MANAGEMENTStress is a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, demand, or resource related to what the individual desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important (Robbins, Judge & Vohrs, 554). Most of the time stress is discussed in the negative contest but this is not true at all times. Stress can be taken into the system as an advantage. In the current organisation stress factor is not talked openly even though people are put under stress levels it is not considered as value adding option for the organisation. In the organisation currently what is seen is the challenge stresses but sometimes these same factors do become hindrance stressors for the employees.4.1 Sources of stressThe main sources of stress in the organisation comes from environmental and organisation factors. When it comes to environmental factors the three types of uncertainties are economic, political and technological. These play a minimal role compared to organisational and personal factors.In considering environment factors the workers are stressed on the technological aspect. Research and development team is always under ram in getting a new product development before their competitors. Organisation heads are have-to doe with about the Political uncertainty. Whenever a new rule or regulation is passed by government with move to the consumer protection or protecting environment this takes a toll in the organisation activities.They must be aware of the new laws and how to tackle them, this adds a lot of strain in the management as they need to alter or change certain decisions according to political scenarios. Change in economic policies and recessions or booms in the economic cycle create stress on the organisation. Current economic down turn have made a toll in the sales teams as consumers are spending less and government projects have considerably reduced. At the same time government is not paying their debt and collections have become harder.Organisational factors are the ones that are created by the organisation which creates stress on employees. Task demands such as collecting debts in 90 days have a strain on the employee. This increases the job pressure. usance demands relate to pressure that occurs due to the job role. Managers and above have high role related pressures compared to subordinates due to the heavy work load which needs to be performed in less time. Most employees complain that they are given more wo rk than they can handle and it stresses them out a lot. At the same time many complain the targets given are not practical. There is a minimal level of interpersonal demands where other employees are not supportive.Personal factors which increase stress are different to every individual. But this does create a hindrance in the organisation performance.All or some of these factors create a high turnover or absenteeism, reduction in productivity and decrease in job satisfaction. lamentably Nippon Lanka has not recognised the importance of stress management in order to curb it or recruit it.The main organisational stress come comes from the current management change, this is because the task and role demands have changed and employees need to jell to the new roles. Personal factors too trigger stress level of the employees.4.2 Managing Stress at Nippon Lanka Pvt LtdBased on the study, it is visible that Nippon Lanka uses stress as a positive motivator, but at some points it goes out of hand where it depletes the collaboration and coordination amongst the teams and also inter department.Based on the job roles, the department heads can think of the stress levels which can be imposed on the team members to get results and to meet targets. However the stress levels should be correctly managed so that it motivates results and not deplete and impede the team building and performance drive within the teams.As it is observed, some amount of stress comes from the non-alignment of the reporting lines. Therefore the suggestion is to relook at the reporting lines so that stress does not occur due to incorrect alignment of the business structure which has a negative impact and which creates unnecessary types of stress within teams.Together with the Job role enrichment, reporting lines should also be re-aligned so that the company will only be left with stress which causes the company to perform and not to impede.5.0 CONCLUSIONIn conclusion conflict, negotiation and stress are all visible in Nippon Paint. Conflict is unavoidable at the organisation due to the dealings they have among the departments and the third parties. To overcome conflict certain understanding among employees and stakeholders must be implemented. It can be seen that conflict, negotiation and stress are interlinked with each other on some level. Organisational conflict styles may shape an organisations social environment, affecting the level of ongoing conflict and thus the level of stress among employees. Nippon Lanka to a great extent follows an integrative style of conflict management which leads to lower task conflict, reducing relationship conflict, which reduces stress. However, there are many instances where the management has not come up with a solution to the conflict at hand, where they are not willing to step in and the employees are left to resolve the matter, which at most times remains unresolved.The recommended improvements with sham to this has been discussed in Se ction 3.4. It is important that with the JV taking place, the new management plays an active role in resolving these long running issues so that the organisation and its performance does not get affected. The current JV could also trigger new conflicts and stress levels within the organisation where it is crucial that these issues are identified and resolved. The new management must take this opportunity to place greater prominence of recognizing the on-going stress levels within the organisation and deal with them appropriately. Improved management of conflict, negotiations and stress would benefit the individuals and the organisation in terms of high performing, content, employ employees who deliver results.